– Khwaish Jain

Indian Railways, a sprawling network and the lifeline for millions is on a transformative journey, embracing technology to enhance operational efficiency, passenger experience, and sustainability. To get a closer look at these changes and the challenges ahead, we interviewed Dr Zenia Gupta, IRTS, Senior Divisional Operations Manager – Indian Railways, who provided invaluable insights into the ongoing revolution.

Kavach and Cutting-Edge Tech, Revolutionizing Safety and Speed

Kavach is an indigenous ATP system, is designed to prevent collisions by automatically applying brakes when a driver fails, especially in overspeeding or signal violations.”  “The heart of this transformation lies in the array of technological innovations that Indian Railways has been actively implementing. For us Safety is paramount,” Dr. Gupta emphasized, “and that’s why we’ve developed and deployed the Kavach – Automatic Train Protection (ATP) System. 

“Beyond safety, Indian Railways is focused on enhancing speed and passenger comfort. The Vande Bharat Express represents a leap forward in train travel,” she explained, highlighting the train’s state-of-the-art technology, including regenerative braking, automatic doors, and onboard infotainment systems. Furthermore, the ambitious Mumbai-Ahmedabad High-Speed Rail Corridor, commonly known as the bullet train, is under construction and promises to revolutionize long-distance travel.

Digital transformation is also a key priority. “We’re harnessing the power of the Internet of Things (IoT), to monitor trains, tracks, and equipment in real-time” she stated. This data-driven approach, coupled with the use of RailCloud and the Unified Train Management System (UTMS), is streamlining operations and improving decision-making.

Sustainability is another crucial aspect of Indian Railways’ modernization efforts. “We’re committed to reducing our carbon footprint to the transition to renewable energy sources and the installation of bio-toilets in trains” she further asserted. These initiatives, along with the use of solar panels at stations and level crossing gates, demonstrate a commitment to environmental responsibility. Modernizing the Signaling system by implementing the European Train Control System (ETCS) Level 2 for better signalling and train control.

To replace older ICF coaches, Indian Railways has also invested in upgrading the Rolling Stock to Linke Hofmann Busch (LHB) coaches which will offer better safety and comfort. Train-18 (Vande Bharat Express), Vande Metro, and Amrit Bharat are next-generation trains with modern amenities and energy-efficient designs. Passengers can also enjoy the comfort of Wi-Fi services that have been introduced at major railway stations and onboard select trains. All seamless service, live tracking, and other passenger services can also be accessed through the  RailYatri app and IRCTC portal.

The organization has also focused on the modernization of Freight Operations and thus, Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) have been developed to separate freight and passenger traffic, improving efficiency. Not only that, RFID tagging of wagons and locomotives is being implemented for real-time tracking and management of freight operations.

The government has decided to use drone and satellite technology to monitor construction projects, inspect tracks, and manage disasters. The Indian Railway is transforming major stations into smart stations with features like digital signage, CCTV surveillance, and integrated passenger information systems. To reduce diesel power use, the railway is installing Head-On Generation (HOG) systems in trains, which will ensure energy savings by using a Regenerative braking system for the same purpose.

The Government has made sure about the safety of the passengers, thus the implementation of UPI-based payments and mobile ticketing systems like UTS on mobile apps has been introduced for a seamless travel experience.

From E-Tickets to Premium Lounges, Prioritizing Passenger Comfort and Convenience 

“Recognizing the importance of passenger satisfaction, we have launched numerous initiatives to enhance service delivery and gather valuable customer feedback. We’re putting passengers at the heart of everything we do,” Dr. Gupta emphasized. “Digital transformation is key and with the IRCTC website and app, we are simplifying ticket booking and providing real-time travel information. The introduction of e-tickets and QR code-based tickets has further streamlined the ticketing process, reducing the need for physical tickets.”  Dr. Gupta noted, highlighting the role of the technology.

To enhance onboard amenities, bio-toilets and Wi-Fi are being introduced in select trains, ensuring a more comfortable and connected journey. Many stations now have premium lounges which have been modernized to make passengers wait with peace and joy for their transport. CCTV and Mahila Police Units have been deployed to enhance the safety of the passengers.

To ensure passenger safety there are proper Wheelchair Facilities and Disabled-Friendly Coaches have been allotted. The railway has also taken Green Initiatives to make sure that passengers are travelling in a clean environment. To ensure the comfort of every passenger there are Special Trains and Services introduced by the railway. A passenger feedback and grievance redressal system is also in place to ensure the passengers are satisfied. Hygiene and Sanitation, and Real-Time Information Systems are also taken care of for the passengers.

The railway has also installed a special room with a baby Care facility to ensure that kids and their mothers can get the most comfortable journey with the Indian Railway.

AI, IoT, and Hydrogen Trains, Future of Indian Railway 

“Looking ahead, we are committed to embracing emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and blockchain to enhance its operations and services further. AI and IoT hold immense potential for transforming Indian Railways,” Dr. Gupta emphasized.

AI-powered systems will enable predictive maintenance, allowing for the proactive identification and resolution of potential issues before they lead to disruptions. Smart train scheduling algorithms will optimize train routes and timings, improving overall efficiency. Furthermore, AI-based chatbots will provide passengers with instant support and information, enhancing the customer experience.

IoT sensors will collect real-time data on train health, track conditions, and passenger crowding, providing valuable insights for decision-making. The expansion of high-speed rail corridors remains a top priority, reducing travel times and connecting major cities.

Indian Railways is also committed to exploring electric and green technologies, including hydrogen-powered trains, to reduce its environmental impact. Digital ticketing and blockchain will enhance security and transparency, while augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) will improve navigation and crew training. The development of smart stations with automated systems and personalized services will further enhance the passenger experience.

There will be various new opportunities for the railway to be introduced such as the installation of Robots in cleaning services to ensure the railway compartment and station are clean.

The Indian Railway: Future Focal Points

• Enhanced Security and Surveillance: By using CCTV, Facial recognition, and smart surveillance systems, the railway will ensure passenger safety and security.
• Personalized Services for Passengers: With AI-based application. There will be an introduction of smart passenger Apps for seat reservations, food orders, and online entertainment. With the launch of digital payment methods, frequent travellers can enjoy various loyalty programs.

Legacy Systems and Cyber Threats, Navigating the Hurdles to Modernization 

Despite its ambitious modernization plans, Indian Railways faces significant challenges. “We recognize the hurdles ahead,” she acknowledged, citing infrastructure limitations, financial constraints, technological compatibility issues, and cybersecurity concerns as major obstacles.

Much of the existing railway infrastructure is ageing and may not be compatible with new technologies. The high cost of implementing these technologies, coupled with budget constraints, can delay their adoption. Ensuring compatibility between new and legacy systems is another significant challenge.

The biggest challenge the Indian Railways faces is maintaining the legacy and maintaining harmony and standards by adopting and implementing new techniques for different divisions that operate under different jurisdictions.

“The risk of cyberattacks and data breaches is also a growing concern. We’re committed to protecting our systems and data,” Dr Gupta assured, noting the implementation of robust security measures to mitigate these risks.

Despite all the challenges, Indian Railways remains steadfast in its commitment to transformation. By strategically addressing these hurdles and embracing innovation, it aims to solidify its role as a vital transportation network for the nation, delivering a safe, efficient, and sustainable travel experience for millions of passengers every day.